Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects both children and adults. Patients with ADHD may struggle with attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can impact their daily functioning and relationships.

The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person but generally fall into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Some common signs of inattention include difficulty staying focused, being easily distracted, forgetfulness, and trouble organizing tasks. Hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms can include excessive fidgeting, restlessness, talking excessively, difficulty waiting for turns, and acting without thinking.

ADHD is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment which includes a clinical interview, observation of behaviour and gathering information from multiple sources such as parents, teachers and other care givers. The symptoms must be present in multiple settings and interfere with daily functioning to meet the diagnostic criteria.

While the exact cause of ADHD is unknown, research suggests that a combination of genetic, environmental and neurological factors may contribute to its development. It is believed that imbalances in certain neurotransmitters play a role in the condition.

Treatment
The treatment of ADHD typically involves a multimodal approach combining various strategies to address the symptoms and challenges associated with the disorder. The most common treatment options include behavioural therapy, lifestyle adjustments and medication.

Tests
Before starting medication for ADHD, a patient will usually need to undergo the below investigations; the information gathered from these assessments will help doctors and patients make an informed decision about the need for medication tailored to the patient’s specific needs.

At samedaydoctor City Clinic we can offer the tests which are typically required prior to starting ADHD treatment:

• Cardiovascular examination
• Pulse & Blood pressure
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Serum Vitamin D
• FBC, U&E, TSH, Free T3 and Free T4, LFTs, Lipid Profile, HbA1c
• Urine screen for illicit drugs (when recommended by the referring doctor and only if stimulants are considered as part of the ADHD treatment)
• Other tests as recommended

Gathering information about the patient’s medical history and conducting a physical examination helps rule out any other medical conditions or factors that could be causing ADHD-like symptoms. It is essential to ensure that there are no underlying medical issues that need to be addressed before considering medication.