Trichomonas Vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite that causes an infection called trichomoniasis.

Transmission

Trichomoniasis is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse. It can be transmitted between partners, both male and female, during sexual activity. Rarely, the infection can be acquired through contact with contaminated objects like wet towels or shared sex toys.

Symptoms

Many individuals infected with Trichomonas vaginalis may not experience any symptoms, especially in males. However, when symptoms occur, they usually appear within 5 to 28 days after exposure. Common symptoms in females include:

• Vaginal itching or irritation
• Abnormal vaginal discharge (greenish-yellow, frothy, or foul-smelling)
• Discomfort or pain during urination or sexual intercourse
• Vaginal redness or swelling

Diagnosis

Trichomoniasis is diagnosed through laboratory testing. A healthcare professional may collect a sample of vaginal fluid or urine for analysis. Various techniques, such as microscopic examination or nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), can detect the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Treatment

Trichomoniasis can be treated with prescription medications, typically oral antibiotics such as metronidazole or tinidazole. It’s important to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure eradication of the infection. Sexual partners should also be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection.

Prevention

Practicing safe sex is essential to reduce the risk of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and other sexually transmitted infections. Safe sex measures include:

• Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual intercourse
• Limiting the number of sexual partners
• Regular STI testing for early detection and prompt treatment

Here are the common tests used for diagnosing trichomoniasis:

1. Microscopic examination: A healthcare professional may collect a sample of vaginal fluid or discharge using a swab. The sample is then examined under a microscope to look for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. This method, known as wet mount microscopy, allows for the direct visualisation of the parasite.
2. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs): NAATs are highly sensitive and specific tests that detect the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of Trichomonas vaginalis. A sample of vaginal fluid or discharge is collected, and the genetic material is analysed using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or transcription-mediated amplification (TMA). NAATs are considered more accurate than microscopic examination, especially in cases where the parasite may be present in low numbers.
3. Rapid antigen tests: Some rapid tests are available that detect specific antigens produced by Trichomonas vaginalis. These tests provide quick results and can be performed in point-of-care settings, such as clinics or healthcare facilities. However, they may have slightly lower sensitivity compared to other methods.

It’s important to note that trichomoniasis testing may not be a routine part of regular STI screenings. Therefore, if you suspect you have trichomoniasis or have been exposed to the infection, it’s crucial to discuss your concerns with a healthcare professional. They can assess your symptoms, perform the necessary tests, and provide appropriate treatment if needed.

It’s also worth noting that during testing, healthcare professionals may also check for other sexually transmitted infections as they can occur alongside trichomoniasis. Treatment for trichomoniasis usually involves prescribed antibiotics, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which should be taken as directed by a healthcare provider.